Mental Health After SCI

Mindfulness

Table 3. Mindfulness

Author Year Country Research Design PEDro Score Total Sample Size	Methods	Outcome
Hearn and Finlay (2018) United Kingdom RCT PEDro=7 NInitial=67 NFinal=43	Population: Mean age=44.4±10.4 yr; Gender: males=31, females=36; Time since injury (yr): 1-2=11, 2-4=18, 4- 8=19, 8-12=6, 12-15=7, 15+=6; Level of injury: C=25, T=37, L=5; Severity of injury: AIS A=9, B=17, C=19, D=22. Intervention: Participants were randomized to either an 8-wk online mindfulness intervention or an 8-wk internet delivered psychoeducation. Outcome Measures: Depression symptom severity and anxiety (hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)), quality of life (QoL)(world health organization quality of life (WHOQOLBREF) , pain perception (numeric rating scale), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) and mindfulness (five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ).	1. Significant differences postintervention between groups for mindfulness facets of acting with awareness, describing and nonreactivity to inner experience (p<0.05) as well as total FFMQ score (p<0.05). 2. No significant differences between groups for any QoL, pain intensity and mindfulness facets of observing and non-judging post-intervention (p>0.05). 3. Significant between group difference in severity of depression and pain catastrophizing at 3-mo follow-up (p<0.050).

Discussion

Hearn and Finlay (2018) evaluated the effectiveness of an 8-week online mindfulness program compared to pain psychoeducation among persons with SCI. Participants in the treatment group found significant reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, pain unpleasantness, and catastrophizing compared to the psychoeducation group at post treatment and 3-month followup.