Prevention Strategies

The most effective approach to AD is the prevention of occurrence (Braddom & Rocco 1991). This includes careful evaluation of the individual and early recognition of possible triggers that could result in AD. Improved clinician awareness and greater attention to the need to eliminate noxious stimuli in individuals with SCI is a priority. Further, clinicians, family members, and caregivers should be aware that increased afferent stimulation (e.g., via surgery, invasive investigational procedures, labour, and birth) in persons with SCI will increase the risk of developing AD. Fortunately, a variety of procedures and medications can be used to prevent episodes of AD.

As prevention is more effective than treatment, avoiding known triggers of AD episodes with appropriate bladder and bowel routines or pressure sore prevention are the most effective measures for preventing AD. Specific triggers for AD should be identified and eliminated for each individual as much as possible to manage and prevent hypertensive episodes (Krassioukov et al. 2020; Blackmer, 2003; Mathias & Frankel 2002; Teasell et al. 2000). Furthermore, establishing routine blood pressure monitoring and using interventions to prevent UTIs and constipation are crucial steps in averting episodes of life-threatening AD (Krassioukov et al. 2020).