Key Points

Pseudoephedrine may be an effective adjuvant for the treatment of neurogenic shock during the acute phase post SCI; however, pseudoephedrine may require up to one month for effectiveness and may result in higher complication rates for older patients.

The use of functional electrical stimulation in combination with tilt tables may be effective for the management of orthostatic hypotension during the acute and subacute phase post SCI.

Tilt table verticalization may be effective for lowering heart rate in patients post SCI.

Midodrine hydrochloride may be effective for the management of orthostatic hypotension during the acute phase post SCI.

Methylprednisolone appear to not be effective for the management of heart rate variability post SCI.

Hemodynamic support during the acute phase post SCI has been associated with improved neurological outcomes but no cause and effect relationship has been established.

Oral albuterol appears to be effective for the management of bradycardia during the acute phase post SCI.

Cardiac pacemaker implantation appears to be effective for the management of refractory bradycardia during the acute phase post SCI.