References
Agarwal, N. K., & Mathur, N. (2009). Deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 47(10), 769-772. doi:10.1038/sc.2009.37
Aito, S., Pieri, A., D’Andrea, M., Marcelli, F., & Cominelli, E. (2002). Primary prevention of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in acute spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord, 40(6), 300-303.
Akman, M. N., Cetin, N., Bayramoglu, M., Isiklar, I., & Kilinc, S. (2004). Value of the D-dimer test in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis in rehabilitation inpatients. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 85(7), 1091-1094.
Al-Dujaili, T. M., Majer, C. N., Madhoun, T. E., Kassis, S. Z., & Saleh, A. A. (2012). Deep venous thrombosis in spine surgery patients: incidence and hematoma formation. International surgery, 97(2), 150-154.
Anaya, D. A., & Nathens, A. B. (2005). Thrombosis and coagulation: deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prophylaxis. Surgical Clinics, 85(6), 1163-1177.
Arnold, J. D., Dart, B. W., Barker, D. E., Maxwell, R. A., Burkholder, H. C., Mejia, V. A., . . . Longley, J. M. (2010). Gold Medal Forum Winner. Unfractionated heparin three times a day versus enoxaparin in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in trauma patients. Am Surg, 76(6), 563-570.
Arnold, P. M., Harrop, J. S., Merli, G., Tetreault, L. G., Kwon, B. K., Casha, S., . . . Holmer, H. K. (2017). Efficacy, safety, and timing of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Global spine journal, 7 (3_suppl), 138S-150S.
Awad, J., Kebaish, K. M., Donigan, J., Cohen, D. B., & Kostuik, J. (2005). Analysis of the risk factors for the development of post-operative spinal epidural haematoma. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 87(9), 1248-1252.
Becker, D. M., Gonzalez, M., Gentili, A., Eismont, F., & Green, B. A. (1987). Prevention of deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute spinal cord injuries: use of rotating treatment tables. Neurosurgery, 20(5), 675-677. doi:10.1227/00006123-198705000-00001
Brandstater, M. E., Roth, E. J., & Siebens, H. C. (1992). Venous thromboembolism in stroke: literature review and implications for clinical practice. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 73, S379-S391.
Chen, H.-L., & Wang, X.-D. (2013). Heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spinal Cord, 51(8), 596-602.
Chiou-Tan, F. Y., Garza, H., Chan, K.-T., Parsons, K. C., Donovan, W. H., Robertson, C. S., . . . Rintala, D. H. (2003). Comparison of dalteparin and enoxaparin for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in patients with spinal cord injury. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 82(9), 678-685.
Christie, S., Thibault-Halman, G., & Casha, S. (2011). Acute pharmacological DVT prophylaxis after spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma, 28(8), 1509-1514. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1155-A
Chung, S.-B., Lee, S.-H., Kim, E. S., & Eoh, W. (2011). Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after spinal cord injury: a prospective study in 37 consecutive patients with traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord injury treated by mechanical prophylaxis. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 71(4), 867-871.
Chung, W.-S., Lin, C.-L., Chang, S.-N., Chung, H.-A., Sung, F.-C., & Kao, C.-H. (2014). Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: a nationwide cohort prospective study. Thrombosis research, 133(4), 579-584.
Clements, R., Churilov, L., Wahab, A., & Ng, L. (2017). Exploratory analysis of factors associated with venous thromboembolism in Victorian acute traumatic spinal cord-injured patients 2010–2013. Spinal Cord, 55(1), 74-78.
Cogo, A., Lensing, A. W., Koopman, M. M., Piovella, F., Siragusa, S., Wells, P. S., . . . Prandoni, P. (1998). Compression ultrasonography for diagnostic management of patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis: prospective cohort study. Bmj, 316(7124), 17-20.
Colachis, S., & Clinchot, D. (1993). The association between deep venous thrombosis and heterotopic ossification in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 31(8), 507-512.
Cunningham, J. E., Swamy, G., & Thomas, K. C. (2011). Does preoperative DVT chemoprophylaxis in spinal surgery affect the incidence of thromboembolic complications and spinal epidural hematomas? Clinical Spine Surgery, 24(4), E31-E34.
de Campos Guerra, J., Mourao, M., França, C., Da Rosa, C., & Burattini, M. (2014). Impact of coagulation in the development of thromboembolic events in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 52(4), 327-332.
Deep, K., Jigajinni, M. V., McLean, A. N., & Fraser, M. H. (2001). Prophylaxis of thromboembolism in spinal injuries–results of enoxaparin used in 276 patients. Spinal Cord, 39(2), 88-91. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101122
DeVivo, M. J., Black, K. J., & Stover, S. L. (1993). Causes of death during the first 12 years after spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 74(3), 248-254.
Dhall, S. S., Hadley, M. N., Aarabi, B., Gelb, D. E., Hurlbert, R. J., Rozzelle, C. J., . . . Walters, B. C. (2013). Deep venous thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery, 72(suppl_3), 244-254.
DiGiorgio, A. M., Tsolinas, R., Alazzeh, M., Haefeli, J., Talbott, J. F., Ferguson, A. R., . . . Dhall, S. S. (2017). Safety and effectiveness of early chemical deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after spinal cord injury: pilot prospective data. Neurosurg Focus, 43(5), E21. doi:10.3171/2017.8.Focus17437
Do, J. G., Kim, D. H., & Sung, D. H. (2013). Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after spinal cord injury in Korean patients at acute rehabilitation unit. Journal of Korean medical science, 28(9), 1382-1387.
Ehsanian, R., Timmerman, M. A., Wright, J. M., McKenna, S., Dirlikov, B., & Crew, J. (2019). Venous Thromboembolism is Associated With Lack of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury and Low Vitamin D Levels. PM&R, 11(2), 125-134.
Eichinger, S., Eischer, L., Sinkovec, H., Wittgruber, G., Traby, L., Kammer, M., . . . Kyrle, V. (2018). Risk of venous thromboembolism during rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. PloS one, 13(3).
Fehlings, M. G., Tetreault, L. A., Aarabi, B., Anderson, P., Arnold, P. M., Brodke, D. S., . . . Furlan, J. C. (2017). A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with acute spinal cord injury: recommendations on the type and timing of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis. Global spine journal, 7(3_suppl), 212S-220S.
Freedman, J., & Loscalzo, J. (2012). Arterial and venous thrombosis. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Inc, 983-988.
Frisbie, J. H., & Sasahara, A. A. (1981). Low dose heparin prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury patients: a controlled study. Paraplegia, 19(6), 343-346. doi:10.1038/sc.1981.65
Furlan, J. C., & Fehlings, M. G. (2007). Role of screening tests for deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic adults with acute spinal cord injury: an evidence-based analysis. Spine, 32(17), 1908-1916.
Germing, A., Schakrouf, M., Lindstaedt, M., Grewe, P., Meindl, R., & Mügge, A. (2010). Do not forget the distal lower limb veins in screening patients with spinal cord injuries for deep venous thromboses. Angiology, 61(1), 78-81.
Gill, P., & Nahum, A. (2000). Improving detection of venous thromboembolism: new technology holds promise for early, precise diagnosis. Postgraduate medicine, 108(4), 24-40.
Giorgi Pierfranceschi, M., Donadini, M. P., Dentali, F., Ageno, W., Marazzi, M., Bocchi, R., & Imberti, D. (2013). The short- and long-term risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study. Thromb Haemost, 109(1), 34-38. doi:10.1160/th12-06-0390
Gorman, P. H., Qadri, S. F., & Rao-Patel, A. (2009). Prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement may increase the relative risk of deep venous thrombosis after acute spinal cord injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 66(3), 707-712.
Green, D., Chen, D., Chmiel, J. S., Olsen, N. K., Berkowitz, M., Novick, A., . . . Tolotta, M. (1994). Prevention of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury: role of low molecular weight heparin. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 75(3), 290-292.
Green, D., Lee, M. Y., Ito, V. Y., Cohn, T., Press, J., Filbrandt, P. R., . . . Meyer, P. R., Jr. (1988). Fixed- vs adjusted-dose heparin in the prophylaxis of thromboembolism in spinal cord injury. Jama, 260(9), 1255-1258.
Green, D., Lee, M. Y., Lim, A. C., Chmiel, J. S., Vetter, M., Pang, T., . . . Meyer, P. R., Jr. (1990). Prevention of thromboembolism after spinal cord injury using low-molecular-weight heparin. Ann Intern Med, 113(8), 571-574. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-8-571
Green, D., Rossi, E. C., Yao, J. S., Flinn, W. R., & Spies, S. M. (1982). Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injury: effect of prophylaxis with calf compression, aspirin, and dipyridamole. Paraplegia, 20(4), 227-234. doi:10.1038/sc.1982.41
Green, D., Twardowski, P., Wei, R., & Rademaker, A. W. (1994). Fatal pulmonary embolism in spinal cord injury. Chest, 105(3), 853-855.
Gunduz, S., Ogur, E., Mohur, H., Somuncu, I., Acjksoz, E., & Ustunsoz, B. (1993). Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia, 31(9), 606-610. doi:10.1038/sc.1993.96
Halim, T., Chhabra, H., Arora, M., & Kumar, S. (2014). Pharmacological prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury: an Indian perspective. Spinal Cord, 52(7), 547-550.
Harris, S., Chen, D., & Green, D. (1996). Enoxaparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis in spinal injury: preliminary report on experience with 105 patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 75(5), 326-327. doi:10.1097/00002060-199609000-00002
Hebbeler, S. L., Marciniak, C. M., Crandall, S., Chen, D., Nussbaum, S., & Mendelewski, S. (2004). Daily vs twice daily enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolic disorders during rehabilitation following acute spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med, 27(3), 236-240. doi:10.1080/10790268.2004.11753754
Hirsh, J., & Raschke, R. (2004). Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 126(3), 188S-203S.
Hon, B., Botticello, A., & Kirshblum, S. (2019). Duplex ultrasound surveillance for deep vein thrombosis after acute traumatic spinal cord injury at rehabilitation admission. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 1-8.
Investigators, P. (1990). Tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. A collaborative study by the PIOPED Investigators. Chest, 97(3), 528-533. doi:10.1378/chest.97.3.528
Jarrell, B., Posuniak, E., Roberts, J., Osterholm, J., Cotler, J., & Ditunno, J. (1983). A new method of management using the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in spinal cord injury. Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 157(4), 316-320.
Jundt, J., Liem, T., & Moneta, G. (2014). Venous and lymphatic disease In B. F, A. DK, & B. TR (Eds.), Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery.
Kakkar, V., Howe, C., Flanc, C., & Clarke, M. (1969). Natural history of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis. The Lancet, 294(7614), 230-233.
Kelly, J., Rudd, A., Lewis, R., & Hunt, B. (2001). Screening for subclinical deep‐vein thrombosis. Qjm, 94(10), 511-519.
Kinney, T. B., Rose, S. C., Valji, K., Oglevie, S. B., & Roberts, A. C. (1996). Does cervical spinal cord injury induce a higher incidence of complications after prophylactic Greenfield inferior vena cava filter usage? Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 7(6), 907-915.
Kulkarni, J. R., Burt, A. A., Tromans, A. T., & Constable, P. D. (1992). Prophylactic low dose heparin anticoagulant therapy in patients with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective study. Paraplegia, 30(3), 169-172. doi:10.1038/sc.1992.49
Lagerstedt, C., Fagher, B., Olsson, C.-G., Öqvist, B., & Albrechtsson, U. (1985). Need for long-term anticoagulant treatment in symptomatic calf-vein thrombosis. The Lancet, 326(8454), 515-518.
Lo, V., Esquenazi, Y., Han, M.-K., & Lee, K. (2013). Critical care management of patients with acute spinal cord injury. Journal of neurosurgical sciences, 57(4), 281-292.
Mackiewicz-Milewska, M., Jung, S., Kroszczyński, A. C., Mackiewicz-Nartowicz, H., Serafin, Z., Cisowska-Adamiak, M., . . . Rość, D. (2016). Deep venous thrombosis in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 39(4), 400-404.
Marciniak, C. M., Kaplan, J., Welty, L., & Chen, D. (2012). Enoxaparin versus tinzaparin for venous thromboembolic prophylaxis during rehabilitation after acute spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study comparing safety and efficacy. PM&R, 4(1), 11-17.
Marion, T. E., Rivers, C. S., Kurban, D., Cheng, C. L., Fallah, N., Batke, J., . . . Noonan, V. K. (2017). Previously identified common post-injury adverse events in traumatic spinal cord injury—validation of existing literature and relation to selected potentially modifiable comorbidities: a prospective Canadian cohort study. Journal of neurotrauma, 34(20), 2883-2891.
Masuda, M., Ueta, T., Shiba, K., & Iwamoto, Y. (2015). D-dimer screening for deep venous thrombosis in traumatic cervical spinal injuries. The Spine Journal, 15(11), 2338-2344.
Matsumoto, S., Suda, K., Iimoto, S., Yasui, K., Komatsu, M., Ushiku, C., . . . Fujita, K. (2015). Prospective study of deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury not receiving anticoagulant therapy. Spinal Cord, 53(4), 306-309.
Maxwell, R. A., Chavarria-Aguilar, M., Cockerham, W. T., Lewis, P. L., Barker, D. E., Durham, R. M., . . . Richart, C. M. (2002). Routine prophylactic vena cava filtration is not indicated after acute spinal cord injury. J Trauma, 52(5), 902-906. doi:10.1097/00005373-200205000-00013
Medicine, P. V. o. A. C. f. S. C. (2005). Preservation of upper limb function following spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 28(5), 434.
Meissner, M. H. (1998). Deep venous thrombosis in the trauma patient. Paper presented at the Seminars in vascular surgery.
Merli, G., Crabbe, S., Paluzzi, R., & Fritz, D. (1993). Etiology, incidence, and prevention of deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 74(11), 1199-1205.
Merli, G. J., Crabbe, S., Doyle, L., Ditunno, J. F., & Herbision, G. J. (1992). Mechanical plus pharmacological prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis in acute spinal cord injury. Paraplegia, 30(8), 558-562. doi:10.1038/sc.1992.115
Merli, G. J., Herbison, G. J., Ditunno, J. F., Weitz, H. H., Henzes, J. H., Park, C. H., & Jaweed, M. M. (1988). Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 69(9), 661-664.
Morita, T., Sugimoto, Y., Takigawa, T., Misawa, H., Ito, Y., & Ozaki, T. (2018). Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Injury. Acta Medica Okayama, 72(4), 375-378.
Myllynen, P., Kammonen, M., Rokkanen, P., Böstman, O., Lalla, M., & Laasonen, E. (1985). Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a comparison with nonparalyzed patients immobilized due to spinal fractures. The Journal of trauma, 25(6), 541-543.
Nash, M. S., Mintz, C. D., Montalvo, B. M., & Jacobs, P. L. (2000). A randomized blinded comparison of two methods used for venous antistasis in tetraplegia. J Spinal Cord Med, 23(4), 221-227. doi:10.1080/10790268.2000.11753529
Newman, G. E. (1989). Pulmonary angiography in pulmonary embolic disease. J Thorac Imaging, 4(4), 28-39. doi:10.1097/00005382-198910000-00010
Nicolaides, A., Kakkar, V., Field, E., & Renney, J. (1971). The origin of deep vein thrombosis: a venographic study. The British journal of radiology, 44(525), 653-663.
Passias, P. G., Poorman, G. W., Segreto, F. A., Jalai, C. M., Horn, S. R., Bortz, C. A., . . . Bono, O. J. (2018). Traumatic fractures of the cervical spine: analysis of changes in incidence, cause, concurrent injuries, and complications among 488,262 patients from 2005 to 2013. World neurosurgery, 110, e427-e437.
Philbrick, J. T., & Becker, D. M. (1988). Calf deep venous thrombosis: a wolf in sheep’s clothing? Archives of internal medicine, 148(10), 2131-2138.
Piran, S., & Schulman, S. (2016). Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: A retrospective study. Thrombosis research, 147, 97-101.
Quader, M. A., Stump, L. S., & Sumpio, B. E. (1998). Low molecular weight heparins: current use and indications. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 187(6), 641-658.
Raimondi, P. (1993). Bongard 0, de Moerloose P, Reber G, Waldvogel F, Bounameaux H. D-dimer plasma concentration in various clinical conditions: implication for the use of this test in the diagnostic approach of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res, 69, 125-130.
Raslan, A. M., Fields, J. D., & Bhardwaj, A. (2010). Prophylaxis for venous thrombo-embolism in neurocritical care: a critical appraisal. Neurocritical care, 12(2), 297-309.
Rathore, M., Hanif, S., New, P., Butt, A., Aasi, M., & Khan, S. (2008). The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in a cohort of patients with spinal cord injury following the Pakistan earthquake of October 2005. Spinal Cord, 46(7), 523-526.
Roberts, A., & Young, W. F. (2010). Prophylactic retrievable inferior vena cava filters in spinal cord injured patients. Surg Neurol Int, 1, 68. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.72245
Rogers, F. B., Shackford, S. R., Ricci, M. A., Wilson, J. T., & Parsons, S. (1995). Routine prophylactic vena cava filter insertion in severely injured trauma patients decreases the incidence of pulmonary embolism. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 180(6), 641-647.
Rogers, F. B., Shackford, S. R., Wilson, J., Ricci, M. A., & Morris, C. S. (1993). Prophylactic vena cava filter insertion in severely injured trauma patients: indications and preliminary results. The Journal of trauma, 35(4), 637-641; discussion 641-632.
Rossi, E. C., Green, D., Rosen, J. S., Spies, S. M., & Jao, J. S. (1980). Sequential changes in factor VIII and platelets preceding deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injury. British journal of haematology, 45(1), 143-151.
Rydberg, E. J., Westfall, J., & Nicholas, R. (1999). Low-molecular-weight heparin in preventing and treating DVT. American family physician, 59(6), 1607-1612.
Saraf, S. K., Rana, R. J., & Sharma, O. P. (2007). Venous thromboembolism in acute spinal cord injury patients. Indian journal of orthopaedics, 41(3), 194.
Selassie, A. W., Varma, A., & Saunders, L. L. (2011). Current trends in venous thromboembolism among persons hospitalized with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: does early access to rehabilitation matter? Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 92(10), 1534-1541.
Shackford, S. R., Cook, A., Rogers, F. B., Littenberg, B., & Osler, T. (2007). The increasing use of vena cava filters in adult trauma victims: data from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 63(4), 764-769.
Slavik, R. S., Chan, E., Gorman, S. K., de Lemos, J., Chittock, D., Simons, R. K., . . . Ho, S. G. (2007). Dalteparin versus enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injury and major orthopedic trauma patients:‘DETECT’trial. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 62(5), 1075-1081.
Spinal Cord Injury Thromboprophylaxis Investigators. (2003a). Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the acute treatment phase after spinal cord injury: a randomized, multicenter trial comparing low-dose heparin plus intermittent pneumatic compression with enoxaparin. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 54(6), 1116-1124.
Spinal Cord Injury Thromboprophylaxis Investigators. (2003b). Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the rehabilitation phase after spinal cord injury: prophylaxis with low-dose heparin or enoxaparin. J Trauma, 54(6), 1111-1115. doi:10.1097/01.Ta.0000042159.90102.C2
Stein, P. D., Athanasoulis, C., Alavi, A., Greenspan, R. H., Hales, C. A., Saltzman, H. A., . . . Weg, J. G. (1992). Complications and validity of pulmonary angiography in acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation, 85(2), 462-468. doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.2.462
Sugimoto, Y., Ito, Y., Tomioka, M., Tanaka, M., Hasegawa, Y., Nakago, K., & Yagata, Y. (2009). Deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury in a Japanese population: assessment with Doppler ultrasonography. Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 14(4), 374-376.
Tai, S. M., Buddhdev, P., Baskaradas, A., Sivarasan, N., & Tai, N. R. (2013). Venous thromboembolism in the trauma patient. Orthopaedics and Trauma, 27(6), 379-392.
Tapson, V., Carroll, B., Davidson, B., Elliott, C., Fedullo, P., Hales, C., . . . Morris, T. (1999). The diagnostic approach to acute venous thromboembolism. Clinical practice guideline. American Thoracic Society. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 160(3), 1043.
Thumbikat, P., Poonnoose, P., Balasubrahmaniam, P., Ravichandran, G., & McClelland, M. (2002). A comparison of heparin/warfarin and enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in spinal cord injury: the Sheffield experience. Spinal Cord, 40(8), 416-420.
Tomaio, A., Kirshblum, S. C., O’Connor, K. C., & Johnston, M. (1998). Treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injured patients with enoxaparin: a cost analysis. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 21(3), 205-210.
Wada, M., Iizuka, M., Iwadate, Y., Yamakami, I., Yoshinaga, K., & Saeki, N. (2013). Effectiveness of deep vein thrombosis screening on admission to a rehabilitation hospital: a prospective study in 1043 consecutive patients. Thrombosis research, 131(6), 487-492.
Wilson, J. T., Rogers, F. B., Wald, S. L., Shackford, S. R., & Ricci, M. A. (1994). Prophylactic vena cava filter insertion in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: preliminary results. Neurosurgery, 35(2), 234-239.
Winemiller, M., Stolp-Smith, K., Silverstein, M., & Therneau, T. (1999). Prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: effects of sequential pneumatic compression and heparin. The journal of spinal cord medicine, 22(3), 182-191.
Worley, S., Short, C., Pike, J., Anderson, D., Douglas, J. A., & Thompson, K. (2008). Dalteparin vs low-dose unfractionated heparin for prophylaxis against clinically evident venous thromboembolism in acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a retrospective cohort study. J Spinal Cord Med, 31(4), 379-387. doi:10.1080/10790268.2008.11760740
Zierler, B. K. (2004). Ultrasonography and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Circulation, 109(12_suppl_1), I-9-I-14.