Asknes et al. 1993 Sweden Prospective Controlled Trial N=13 | Population: SCI (N=7): Age range=21-34 yr; Gender: males=7, females=0; Severity of injury: Frankel A=7, complete=7, incomplete=0; Time since injury=1-11 yr; Non-SCI controls (N=6): Age range=18-30 yr; Gender: males=6, females=0. Intervention: Patients were divided into two groups and received either a liquid form mixed meal (52% carbohydrates, 37% fat, and 11% protein) or water. Outcome Measures: O2 uptake, respiratory exchange (RE), blood glucose (BG), insulin, catecholamines, heart rate (HR), and energy expenditure (EE). | 1. Basal O2 uptake, EE, BG, insulin and noradrenaline levels was lower in the treatment group compared to controls (p<0.01 for all); HR was high for both groups before ingestion (p<0.05). Post-meal: 2. Both groups had increased O2 uptake although there were no between group differences. 3. The treatment group’s RE rate reached a maximum at 90 min (p<0.05) while the controls had an extremely high rate at 15 min which dropped to a rate similar to the treatment group. 4. Mean EE was higher in the treatment (17 W) versus control (14 W) group. 5. HR increased 6-7 beats/min in both groups (p<0.05). 6. The treated group had higher BG and insulin levels compared to controls (p<0.05); noradrenaline levels did not change. |